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Australia is famous for wildlife that exists nowhere else on Earth. Isolated for millions of years, this ancient continent evolved a cast of animals like no other — pouch-carrying marsupials, egg-laying mammals, giant flightless birds and reptiles as old as the dinosaurs. This guide to Australian native animals introduces the most iconic native species, explains why so many are unique to Australia, and links to full fact files on everything from the koala and kangaroo to the platypus. Why Australia’s Wildlife Is So Unique The story begins more than 100 million years ago, when Australia separated from the ancient supercontinent Gondwana. Cut off from the rest of the world, Australian species evolved down their own extraordinary path — marsupials instead of monkeys, parrots instead of sparrows, and a whole suite of native species found in Australia and nowhere else. The result is one of the most striking examples of biodiversity on Earth, with many found nowhere else: most of the country’s mammals, reptiles and frogs exist in the wild here alone. Fire, drought and erratic rainfall shaped the flora and fauna over aeons, producing life perfectly tuned to the Australian landscape. A List of Native Australian Animals Marsupials: Raising Young in a Pouch Marsupials are the superstars of the bush — mammals that carry their babies in a pouch. The kangaroo family are the giants: the red kangaroo is the largest marsupial on Earth, bounding on spring-loaded hind legs at up to 60 km/h. Read our full kangaroo facts guide for everything about mobs, joeys and boxing. Koalas are tree-dwellers that doze up to 20 hours a day on a diet of eucalypt leaves — our koala facts guide explains their fingerprints, their fussy eating and their endangerment. No Aussie roundup skips the wombat: it bulldozes burrows underground with powerful claws, and our wombat facts guide covers their cube-shaped droppings and backward-facing pouches. Smaller cousins include the wallaby, possums and gliders that sail between the trees, plus one genuinely fierce carnivorous marsupial: the Tasmanian devil, famous for its bone-crushing jaws and spine-chilling screech. Monotremes: Nature’s Egg-Layers Mammals that lay eggs? Only in this part of the world. The platypus is the star: part duck, part otter, and one of the few venomous mammals on the planet. Our platypus facts guide explains how it hunts with its eyes closed, sensing the electric fields of its prey. Its closest relatives are the short-beaked echidnas, spiny ant-eaters found in dry country right across mainland Australia. Reptiles: Crocodiles, Snakes, Turtles and Lizards Reptiles here include some of the most impressive predators alive. The saltwater crocodile is the largest living reptile, patrolling estuaries across northern Australia, while the more timid freshwater crocodile keeps to inland creeks. On land, the continent’s snakes range from giant pythons to some of the most venomous species on the planet — our Australian deadly snakes guide ranks the worst of them. Marine turtles nest on northern beaches every summer, and goannas patrol the bush from coast to interior. Emus and Other Native Birds The emu is the world’s second-tallest bird, and emus are found throughout Australia, from alpine country to desert. Cockatoos, kookaburras and the world’s fastest parrots complete the cast of feathered locals. Frogs and Freshwater Life The country’s frogs include desert burrowers that can sleep underground for years waiting for rain, and green tree frogs that camp in bathroom pipes across the north. Australia’s wetlands and billabongs also draw huge flocks of waterbirds, including the striking black-and-white Australian pelican. Where Australian Animals Live Across Australia, habitat ranges from tropical rainforest in the north to red desert across South Australia and the interior, with open woodland and eucalypt forest through the east and south. Koalas favour the eucalypt forests of eastern Australia, while the red kangaroo rules the semi-arid regions of Australia. Queensland’s Wet Tropics shelter cassowaries and tree-climbing kangaroos, the quokka famously lives on Rottnest Island off Western Australia, and the island’s famous devil survives only in Tasmania. Coastal waters belong to seals and dolphins — Australian fur seals haul out on southern coasts — while the Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest reef system, home to dugongs, reef sharks and more than 1,500 fish species. See our Great Barrier Reef facts guide for the full picture. Inland, Australian waterways from rivers to wetlands shelter the platypus, one of only two egg-laying mammals left on Earth. Threatened Species and Conservation Since European settlement, dozens of species have become extinct in Australia, and hundreds more are listed as endangered species on the IUCN Red List. Feral cats and red foxes kill millions of small animals every night — ground-nesting birds fall to foxes and birds of prey alike — and the national list of at-risk species keeps growing as the Australian environment comes under pressure. There is hope. The Australian Wildlife Conservancy and partner groups run the largest network of feral-free sanctuaries on the planet, proving the conservation of Australian animals can succeed when habitat is protected. The cane toad was introduced to Australia in 1935 with disastrous results, which is why today’s biosecurity laws are among the strictest anywhere. Deadly Australian Animals The heavyweight is the crocodile family’s giant estuarine predator, but danger here comes small as well as large: box jellyfish on tropical beaches, inland taipans in the desert, and sharks along the surf. Locals will also warn you, with a perfectly straight face, about the drop bear — a mythical treetop assassin said to drop onto unsuspecting tourists. Read our drop bear fact file before your next bushwalk. What Animal Is Only Native to Australia? Dozens of species exist in the wild nowhere else — standouts include the platypus, the quokka, the emu and the Tasmanian devil. Isolation gave this continent a fauna found in no other country on Earth. What Are Five Native Australian Animals? The most famous five would have to be the koala, the kangaroo, the wombat, the emu and the quokka — all iconic Australian animals, and all proud natives. Can You Give Me a List of Australian Animals From A to Z? That list would run to hundreds of names, from antechinus to zebra finch. The sections above are the best place to start, and the fact files linked throughout go deeper on each animal. What Is the Most Dangerous Australian Animal? Measured by raw power, the saltwater crocodile has no equal; measured by venom, the box jellyfish and the inland taipan lead the pack. Our deadly snakes guide covers the full rankings. What Is the Biggest Native Animal in Australia? The red kangaroo. A big male stands over two metres tall and outweighs a heavyweight boxer — hop over to our kangaroo facts guide for the full story. Why Do So Many Animals Live Only in Australia? Isolation. Cut off from other continents for tens of millions of years, local species evolved without competition from advanced placental mammals, letting ancient lineages like marsupials flourish. Which Animals Are Endangered in Australia? Too many to list. The koala is now endangered in the eastern states, and hundreds of others join the ranks of endangered native animals every year — which is why protected habitat matters so much. Where Can You See Australian Animals? Almost everywhere. National parks and nature reserves protect the best wild country in every state, and zoos and sanctuaries offer guaranteed close-ups. For something unforgettable, try dawn on the Great Barrier Reef or dusk in any eucalypt forest. References and Sources Conservancy sanctuary network: australianwildlife.org Bush Heritage Australia wildlife guides: bushheritage.org.au

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